Is the species, neutral or ionized, indicated by its normal chemical image. Vacancies are denoted by V Certification: The presence of a reputable gemological certification from a dependable and acknowledged gem laboratory provides reliability and assurance to the caliber of yellow sapphire or another gemstone. For time scales of 1 https://www.tumblr.com/thegemjournal/759696203354128384/understanding-the-unique-characteristics-of-yellow?source=share